Looking back over past readings, I found parts of "Black Elk Speaks", "The American Dream" and "Where I Lived, and What I Lived For" to be good examples of clear and concise writing. Each writer makes their point in an organized, clean way with descriptive details.
Black Elk mourns the death of Crazy Horse and tells us "Crazy Horse was dead. He was brave and good and wise. He never wanted anything but to save his people, and he fought the Wasichus only when they came to kill us in our own country. He was only thirty years old. They could not kill him in battle. They had to lie to him and kill him that way." (113)
In Jim Cullen's "The American Dream", he writes about the dream of equality, and the changes that took place in mid to late 1800's. He writes, "The acceleration of industrial capitalism in the late nineteenth century, combined with the growing application of the Darwinian theory of 'the survival of the fittest" to human affairs, popularized a notion of freedom as the right of the individual entrepreneur, like John D. Rockefeller, to make as much money as he could" (107)
Thoreau's "Walden" offers a lot of life advice. In "Where I Lived, and What I Lived For", he argues that, "We must learn to reawaken and keep ourselves awake, not by mechanical aids, but by an infinite expectation of the dawn, which does not forsake us in our soundest sleep."
Friday, May 13, 2011
Wednesday, May 11, 2011
Post-Apocalypse and Post-September 11th
In his book "The World Without Us", author Alan Weisman considers how the natural world would be without the influence of humans. Our huge infrastructure would collapse and eventually vanish. Everyday items would be cemented into fossils. Some of the most long-lasting things would be bronze statues, plastics, man-made molecules, and radio waves. After a long time of physical and chemical weathering, our material world would break down and vanish.
Post-apocalyptic books, movies, and shows are really interesting to me because they look at all the possible outcomes of a major, destructive event. They also explore human psychology, how people would deal with an event like this.
Though the world did not end after the al-Qaeda attacks on September 11th, it sure halted. At the time, it seemed like things could get worse and worse. Thankfully, the attacks halted, national security has been a priority, and victims' families may have a little peace in knowing that Osama Bin Laden had died. Yet al-Qaeda terrorism will continue to affect how we live, including our suspicions of Muslim people in particular. With two wars continuing, American politics is getting more polarized. While at the time people came together in patriotism and empathy for the victims, we are still divided in politics and openness of other cultures. Some of these attitudes and suspicions are like plastic, and will remain for quite awhile unless another major event takes place that brings us together.
Post-apocalyptic books, movies, and shows are really interesting to me because they look at all the possible outcomes of a major, destructive event. They also explore human psychology, how people would deal with an event like this.
Though the world did not end after the al-Qaeda attacks on September 11th, it sure halted. At the time, it seemed like things could get worse and worse. Thankfully, the attacks halted, national security has been a priority, and victims' families may have a little peace in knowing that Osama Bin Laden had died. Yet al-Qaeda terrorism will continue to affect how we live, including our suspicions of Muslim people in particular. With two wars continuing, American politics is getting more polarized. While at the time people came together in patriotism and empathy for the victims, we are still divided in politics and openness of other cultures. Some of these attitudes and suspicions are like plastic, and will remain for quite awhile unless another major event takes place that brings us together.
Monday, May 2, 2011
Presentation is done!
It's always a good feeling to finish a project or speech because all your work finally pays off in the end. I'm really happy with how my group did because it was a challenge getting everything done in the midst of a busy weekend. Here are some things I think we did well on and some things we could work on for future oral presentations.
Things worked well when we...
- met early on and split up parts for each person
- decided on meeting times and adjusted when we had to
- communicated through email and used Google Docs so we could work independently and as a group
- practiced and times our presentation
- used humor to make our content more interesting and approachable
We could have...
- practiced more
- gotten started even earlier
- talked more about how and when to use humor
- done more research as a group, or shared our individual findings more
- asked for feedback throughout the process
Good luck everyone, you'll do great!
Things worked well when we...
- met early on and split up parts for each person
- decided on meeting times and adjusted when we had to
- communicated through email and used Google Docs so we could work independently and as a group
- practiced and times our presentation
- used humor to make our content more interesting and approachable
We could have...
- practiced more
- gotten started even earlier
- talked more about how and when to use humor
- done more research as a group, or shared our individual findings more
- asked for feedback throughout the process
Good luck everyone, you'll do great!
Friday, April 29, 2011
Mobility, Home, and Cat Stevens
Black Elk reminds me of themes we talked about during first semester while reading "Landscapes of the Sacred" by Belden C. Lane. He compares white settlement to Native Americans' idea of place.
Settlers were mobile, moving to wherever offered the most opportunities and security. Even today we are increasingly mobile, moving for jobs, school, and other commitments. Yet we as Americans can feel that we're not at "home". With railroads in the 1800s and our current highway system, we are able and willing to move. Yet, home doesn't have to be just where you grew up. Home is wherever you are in the world, with whoever you've made the most meaningful connections. One looks for opportunity, expansiveness, a freedom of space, but also safe enclosure, or security of place (Lane 221). Aldo Leopold criticizes our country's sprawl and misuse of resources when he asks, "Of what avail are forty freedoms without a blank spot on the map?' 9Lane 219). Nature can help us feel at home wherever we are.
In general, Native Americans have a different view of landscapes and nature. During the debut of railroads, many groups were nomadic and moved to areas that offered the most resources, like the settlers. However, reservations brought about settlement and a change in native culture relatively quickly. Even after settlement, the Santa Clara Pueblo people of New Mexico retained their beliefs and values. Their most "important relationship is with the land" (56), writes Rina Swentzell in "Conflicting Landscape Values". Black Elk describes how some of his people willingly join up with the whites in the towns (105). Eventually most of the people in his group decide to go out of necessity - they were starving and cold, exhausted by a hard winter (109).
I always thought of Native Americans as being more mobile and settlers being more rigid. Really, we all move around to find a place to call home, whether it be for a long winter or for four years of college.
Also, over break I listened to way too much of my parent's vinyl from the 60's. Like an unhealthy amount. Here's part of a Cat Stevens song called "On the Road to Find Out". I really like it and it reminds me of what it was like to move away and start college.
Settlers were mobile, moving to wherever offered the most opportunities and security. Even today we are increasingly mobile, moving for jobs, school, and other commitments. Yet we as Americans can feel that we're not at "home". With railroads in the 1800s and our current highway system, we are able and willing to move. Yet, home doesn't have to be just where you grew up. Home is wherever you are in the world, with whoever you've made the most meaningful connections. One looks for opportunity, expansiveness, a freedom of space, but also safe enclosure, or security of place (Lane 221). Aldo Leopold criticizes our country's sprawl and misuse of resources when he asks, "Of what avail are forty freedoms without a blank spot on the map?' 9Lane 219). Nature can help us feel at home wherever we are.
In general, Native Americans have a different view of landscapes and nature. During the debut of railroads, many groups were nomadic and moved to areas that offered the most resources, like the settlers. However, reservations brought about settlement and a change in native culture relatively quickly. Even after settlement, the Santa Clara Pueblo people of New Mexico retained their beliefs and values. Their most "important relationship is with the land" (56), writes Rina Swentzell in "Conflicting Landscape Values". Black Elk describes how some of his people willingly join up with the whites in the towns (105). Eventually most of the people in his group decide to go out of necessity - they were starving and cold, exhausted by a hard winter (109).
I always thought of Native Americans as being more mobile and settlers being more rigid. Really, we all move around to find a place to call home, whether it be for a long winter or for four years of college.
Also, over break I listened to way too much of my parent's vinyl from the 60's. Like an unhealthy amount. Here's part of a Cat Stevens song called "On the Road to Find Out". I really like it and it reminds me of what it was like to move away and start college.
Well, I left my happy home to see what I could find out. I left my folk and friends with the aim to clear my mind out. Well I hit the rowdy road and many kinds I met there, many stories told me of the way to get there, ooh. So on and on I go, the seconds tick the time out, there's so much left to know, and I'm on the road to findout, ooh. Well in the end I'll know, but on the way I wonder through descending snow, and through the frost and thunder, I listen to the wind come howl, telling me I have to hurry. I listen to the robin's song saying not to worry, ooh.
Wednesday, April 27, 2011
Gender Roles in "Black Elk Speaks"
While reading "Black Elk Speaks", I came across some attitudes about gender and the expected roles that boys and girls play to prepare them for life as an adult member of the tribe. Boys played hunting games and did tests of physical strength and endurance. They would put hot sunflower seeds on their wrists that would make sores on their skin. Black Elk remembers, "but if we knocked them off or cried Owh!, we would be called women" (45). Once boys grow up and fight in battles against the tribes enemies, they are reminded of the "helpless ones" back home who need their protection.
Women have a very different role. Their job is to cook, raise and care for children, clean and help move camp, and make clothing and other essentials. Parents would pray for the birth of a boy who would grow to be a brave man. Baby girls were expected to become mothers and raise brave men to protect the tribe.
The reasons for these roles make sense. Men are usually more physically strong and capable of combat. Women bear children. Unlike our society today where men and women both participate in work and household work, Black Elk's people have very organized and established gender roles. This can be demeaning to people who want to do things associated with the opposite gender. But it can also be helpful because everyone knows what is expected of them. In our society this system wouldn't work because in general we really value our individuality, and gender roles are becoming less rigid.
Women have a very different role. Their job is to cook, raise and care for children, clean and help move camp, and make clothing and other essentials. Parents would pray for the birth of a boy who would grow to be a brave man. Baby girls were expected to become mothers and raise brave men to protect the tribe.
The reasons for these roles make sense. Men are usually more physically strong and capable of combat. Women bear children. Unlike our society today where men and women both participate in work and household work, Black Elk's people have very organized and established gender roles. This can be demeaning to people who want to do things associated with the opposite gender. But it can also be helpful because everyone knows what is expected of them. In our society this system wouldn't work because in general we really value our individuality, and gender roles are becoming less rigid.
Wednesday, April 20, 2011
Johnson's thoughts about railroads
I'm surprised that Johnson doesn't talk a lot about Native Americans much in his discussion about railroads, as the two were opposing forces. He discusses trains over the course of their development.
Before trains there was water transport, helped along by the steam engine (366). As railroads began to connect rivers together, they functioned as a supplement to canals (368). Passenger lines became popular, though they weren't very comfortable. Also, fast carriers and telegraphs emerged as people and ideas started to move faster than ever (369). The rails connected Eastern manufacturers who wanted high tariffs with Western farmers who enjoyed free or very cheap land. Transportation helped form an alliance between them (434). It's incredible how the United States went from being a primary producer to the world first "industrial superstate" (532) in a relatively short amount of time. Railroads offered a lot of capital and new jobs for people. The national government appropriately stepped in to regulate land usage and laws (535). With these new businesses and investments in trains came bureaucratic corruption and abuse of financial power (546). Some of the leaders in this field wanted consolidation in lower prices, investment opportunities, and deals for stock holders (563). The rail system evolved into Los Angeles' all-electric system which uses cheap electricity (689). Trains have gotten more efficient, safe, and reliable over time. Unfortunately, this transportation system is on the decline and we aren't getting all the benefits it has to offer.
Before trains there was water transport, helped along by the steam engine (366). As railroads began to connect rivers together, they functioned as a supplement to canals (368). Passenger lines became popular, though they weren't very comfortable. Also, fast carriers and telegraphs emerged as people and ideas started to move faster than ever (369). The rails connected Eastern manufacturers who wanted high tariffs with Western farmers who enjoyed free or very cheap land. Transportation helped form an alliance between them (434). It's incredible how the United States went from being a primary producer to the world first "industrial superstate" (532) in a relatively short amount of time. Railroads offered a lot of capital and new jobs for people. The national government appropriately stepped in to regulate land usage and laws (535). With these new businesses and investments in trains came bureaucratic corruption and abuse of financial power (546). Some of the leaders in this field wanted consolidation in lower prices, investment opportunities, and deals for stock holders (563). The rail system evolved into Los Angeles' all-electric system which uses cheap electricity (689). Trains have gotten more efficient, safe, and reliable over time. Unfortunately, this transportation system is on the decline and we aren't getting all the benefits it has to offer.
Monday, April 18, 2011
Effective Presentations
After looking at the board where we made a list of things to do to make a good presentation, I know I have some things to work on.
1. Slow down. Whenever I'm nervous or excited, I tend to speak faster and it can be hard to understand everything I'm saying.
2. Use transitions. While I really like details and the little touches, it helps to use clear transitions so the audience knows I'm going from topic or idea to another.
3. Use visual aids effectively. Using a Google Doc is a really easy way for my group to all contribute to the visual and personalize it.
4. Make the presentation interesting. We might do a series of interviews, since a straight-up series of small talks is easy to understand but can also be bland.
5. Practice! I know I always feel so much more comfortable having taken time to practice individually and with the group. Also, timing is important to make sure we're in the time limit of 15 to 20 minutes.
1. Slow down. Whenever I'm nervous or excited, I tend to speak faster and it can be hard to understand everything I'm saying.
2. Use transitions. While I really like details and the little touches, it helps to use clear transitions so the audience knows I'm going from topic or idea to another.
3. Use visual aids effectively. Using a Google Doc is a really easy way for my group to all contribute to the visual and personalize it.
4. Make the presentation interesting. We might do a series of interviews, since a straight-up series of small talks is easy to understand but can also be bland.
5. Practice! I know I always feel so much more comfortable having taken time to practice individually and with the group. Also, timing is important to make sure we're in the time limit of 15 to 20 minutes.
Friday, April 15, 2011
Transcendentalism at the "Hogwarts for Lutherans"
After talking about Alcott's story "Transcendental Wild Oats", we compared the themes to our lives adjusting to college. While the husband in this story has a lot of spiritual values and a philosophical understanding of the world, he is unable to make his community thrive. That's where the wife comes in. She is practical and logical, able to do the cooking, cleaning, teaching the children, and other things that have to get done.
When we came to St Olaf many of us were excited to start a new adventure. We thought it would be a lot of fun. We would make new friends, try new activities, and learn new things. I'm so glad we have, but then again there is a lot of work that goes on in college. In order to learn, you need to put in the time to read, discuss, write, research, debate, and understand the material and your own ideas. Like Julia said, I too am really glad that people truly want to be here, that we're learning in a community that values hard work. We don't need to be wrapped up in tons of extra-curriculars, but it does help to be a part of groups you enjoy. The challenge for me is bringing together these two aspects of college, the learning and the work that simply needs to get done so you can go on to do fun things.
When we came to St Olaf many of us were excited to start a new adventure. We thought it would be a lot of fun. We would make new friends, try new activities, and learn new things. I'm so glad we have, but then again there is a lot of work that goes on in college. In order to learn, you need to put in the time to read, discuss, write, research, debate, and understand the material and your own ideas. Like Julia said, I too am really glad that people truly want to be here, that we're learning in a community that values hard work. We don't need to be wrapped up in tons of extra-curriculars, but it does help to be a part of groups you enjoy. The challenge for me is bringing together these two aspects of college, the learning and the work that simply needs to get done so you can go on to do fun things.
Wednesday, April 13, 2011
Time
If there's something I wish I had more of this week, it would be time. With room draw, registration, and tests this week, it's been busy and stressful. Once in awhile you come across a really great quote that helps you put things in perspective. I really enjoy Thoreau's thought about time:
"Time is but the stream I go fishing in. I drink at it, but while I drink I see the sandy bottom and detect how shallow it is. It's thin current slides away, but eternity remains."
So time is important. We hear a lot about it as students. We have to get things in on time. We make time to do fun things. We need to find the time to study. While a lot of my goals are more long-term, it helps to not get caught up in what the future will bring. It'll come and all I can do is use the time I have well, and enjoy the moment.
"Time is but the stream I go fishing in. I drink at it, but while I drink I see the sandy bottom and detect how shallow it is. It's thin current slides away, but eternity remains."
So time is important. We hear a lot about it as students. We have to get things in on time. We make time to do fun things. We need to find the time to study. While a lot of my goals are more long-term, it helps to not get caught up in what the future will bring. It'll come and all I can do is use the time I have well, and enjoy the moment.
Monday, April 11, 2011
Thoreau and Independence
Thoreau talks about independence in both "Where I Lived, What I Lived For" and in "Economy". While it's admirable to not have to rely on others, I think a lot can be gained from social interaction.
Being independent means not relying on other people or things to make you safe or happy. He says "a man in rich in proportion to the number of things he can afford to let alone". I definitely agree. Coming to college has made me realize how I really don't need the extra luxuries and comforts I enjoyed at home. While they are nice to have, I appreciate them even more while being without them. Independence is also about living deliberately, without worrying what other people think of you, and not getting caught up in trivial things. You have to respect yourself and be your own master, but not your own slave driver who pushes too hard for perfection.
Being independent doesn't mean you have to completely distance yourself from people. After all, Thoreau would sometimes visit friends during his time in his cabin, and after 2.5 years he went back to life in the city. He wrote a book and gained some profit from it. I don't think Thoreau is arguing that we all go and build cabins and be self-sufficient. Instead, I think of this study abroad/sabbatical as an illustration of how independence can practiced. He didn't particularly enjoy city life, probably because of the luxury. Still, being around others and being able to communicate and form relationships is really healthy. If you really do care about nature, then networking with other like-minded people can help you to protect it.
Being independent means not relying on other people or things to make you safe or happy. He says "a man in rich in proportion to the number of things he can afford to let alone". I definitely agree. Coming to college has made me realize how I really don't need the extra luxuries and comforts I enjoyed at home. While they are nice to have, I appreciate them even more while being without them. Independence is also about living deliberately, without worrying what other people think of you, and not getting caught up in trivial things. You have to respect yourself and be your own master, but not your own slave driver who pushes too hard for perfection.
Being independent doesn't mean you have to completely distance yourself from people. After all, Thoreau would sometimes visit friends during his time in his cabin, and after 2.5 years he went back to life in the city. He wrote a book and gained some profit from it. I don't think Thoreau is arguing that we all go and build cabins and be self-sufficient. Instead, I think of this study abroad/sabbatical as an illustration of how independence can practiced. He didn't particularly enjoy city life, probably because of the luxury. Still, being around others and being able to communicate and form relationships is really healthy. If you really do care about nature, then networking with other like-minded people can help you to protect it.
Friday, April 8, 2011
Emerson and Camping
I love authors ad poets like Emerson and Thoreau because they write about things I've also experienced. Their descriptions of nature turn into statements of beliefs, values, and lifestyles which is just amazing. I remember the first nights of the more legitimate camping I've done (When I was little, camping consisted of playing Sega and Nintendo64 late at night with my brother in a tent in the backyard. Let's say I wasn't the most outdoorsy of kids.) On those first nights was when I got my first impression of the place. Camping on the Superior Hiking Trail in Northern Minnesota was wonderful because you can actually see the stars, more than I ever imagined were out there. They really do "light the universe" (6) as Emerson describes. Being without the everyday luxuries of running water, electricity, shelter, showers, and tasty fresh food, I started to get "a certain reverence" (6) for nature, since everything I had to do to survive and enjoy my trip relied on those resources that nature provides. While at school I had just finished my senior project (teaching environmental education to 2nd graders), senior forum (big, super stressful speech), and senior ethic (paper), on trail I didn't have any of those worries. Outside of school and our built and developed world, "all mean egotism vanishes" (8). I was much more interested in what was around me than about my own work or schedule. Can't wait to go back this summer! Here's a link if anyone's interested in hiking/camping in the North Shore this summer:
http://www.dnr.state.mn.us/state_parks/tettegouche/index.html
http://www.dnr.state.mn.us/state_parks/tettegouche/index.html
Wednesday, April 6, 2011
Thoreau on Railroads
Henry David Thoreau had pretty mixed views about the new system of the railroads. While he was mostly optimistic and positive, he did have reservations as well.
As a technical accomplishment, he was really impressed. Trains could accomplish a lot at the material level (316). It felt good to be more connected with others in the country. He felt "more like a citizen of the world" (316). The idea of commerce and trade is "closely allied to nature" (317) because it demands bravery, steadiness, and confidence for those involved in it. Railroads forced people to be more punctual and helped to energize people and the economy by moving more goods and people at a faster rate than before. He thought of a train track like one's own individual path one must follow. While you may not know where it leads, it does go forward. Overall, Thoreau says people "should accept the advantages" (319) of trains in society.
Despite all the benefits railroads presented, Thoreau still had concerns. The train is so different from nature, and its power and fore make it elevate to the level of demigod (317), in between a human and a god. It seems ominous because it is new to his time. His main concern was that trains provide an "improved means to an unimproved end" (320). People were focusing too much on material wealth and economic achievement and not enough on spiritual enlightenment and enjoying nature.
As a technical accomplishment, he was really impressed. Trains could accomplish a lot at the material level (316). It felt good to be more connected with others in the country. He felt "more like a citizen of the world" (316). The idea of commerce and trade is "closely allied to nature" (317) because it demands bravery, steadiness, and confidence for those involved in it. Railroads forced people to be more punctual and helped to energize people and the economy by moving more goods and people at a faster rate than before. He thought of a train track like one's own individual path one must follow. While you may not know where it leads, it does go forward. Overall, Thoreau says people "should accept the advantages" (319) of trains in society.
Despite all the benefits railroads presented, Thoreau still had concerns. The train is so different from nature, and its power and fore make it elevate to the level of demigod (317), in between a human and a god. It seems ominous because it is new to his time. His main concern was that trains provide an "improved means to an unimproved end" (320). People were focusing too much on material wealth and economic achievement and not enough on spiritual enlightenment and enjoying nature.
Monday, April 4, 2011
Rolling in Change
The railroads caused huge changes to occur in the United States, especially from the 1830's onward. Three big changes I see are the rise of capitalism with more hierarchies and managerial capital, more productivity and innovation, and more connectedness between rural and urban areas.
This was a great business investment because there was a need for them and growth was expected. With more workers and managers, natural hierarchies developed. Managers and directors had the most power, and the workers very little (Cronon 81). Also, because those at the top could make a fortune, several were corrupted and even lead their companies to lead monopolies (Klein 27).
The train and the rail were relatively new technology. With every innovation and improvement, goods and people could travel farther, faster, safer, and more comfortably from place to place (Klein 27). Since this new productivity meant tighter schedules, people's view of time changed. Rather than going off of natural patterns and cues for time of day, the town clocks were all set to the appropriate time. Also, time zones were introduced (Cronon 74).
As part of the Industrial Revolution, rails helped to connect rural and urban areas. Farmers who may have never seen a train before could use it to sell goods much easier and quicker. Some people, especially those in rural towns, were wary and skeptical of the expansion of rails. It was seen by some as ominous and unnatural, despite it being constructed by people (Klein 20).
Overall, trains made American society work faster, more efficiently, and with more connections than ever. These changes proved to be too fast for some who were used to their rural setting and old-fashioned lifestyle.
This was a great business investment because there was a need for them and growth was expected. With more workers and managers, natural hierarchies developed. Managers and directors had the most power, and the workers very little (Cronon 81). Also, because those at the top could make a fortune, several were corrupted and even lead their companies to lead monopolies (Klein 27).
The train and the rail were relatively new technology. With every innovation and improvement, goods and people could travel farther, faster, safer, and more comfortably from place to place (Klein 27). Since this new productivity meant tighter schedules, people's view of time changed. Rather than going off of natural patterns and cues for time of day, the town clocks were all set to the appropriate time. Also, time zones were introduced (Cronon 74).
As part of the Industrial Revolution, rails helped to connect rural and urban areas. Farmers who may have never seen a train before could use it to sell goods much easier and quicker. Some people, especially those in rural towns, were wary and skeptical of the expansion of rails. It was seen by some as ominous and unnatural, despite it being constructed by people (Klein 20).
Overall, trains made American society work faster, more efficiently, and with more connections than ever. These changes proved to be too fast for some who were used to their rural setting and old-fashioned lifestyle.
Friday, April 1, 2011
Environmental Organizations
My group has decided to study the environmental association called the Izaak Walton League (or Isaak, not sure how to spell it!). I had never heard of this group before, so it's interesting to see what kinds of groups are out there. This group was founded in 1922 by some sportsmen in Chicago who wanted to protect fishing areas. Named after the famous fly-fisherman Izaak Walton, the group promotes sustainability, outdoor recreation, and protecting natural resources. Their website talks about their efforts in education and awareness, agriculture, energy, sustainability, and water issues. It is a national organization with chapters in many states. The locally-run chapters are able to use funds and other resources to tackle problems in their area and have an immediate affect. Some other "check book organizations" also do great work, but are much more large-scale and involve much fewer people in the actual work that goes on. It looks like the Izaak Walton League is a well-established and respected group that does a lot of great work.
I'm really excited to learn about this organization because in the last few years the environment has become really important to me and I want to see how I could be a part of something like this after college. For now, I try to read news online, go to talks on campus, and keep in touch with my high school network to see what events are going on. But once I know something about an issue, I start wanting to actually do something about it.
http://www.iwla.org
I'm really excited to learn about this organization because in the last few years the environment has become really important to me and I want to see how I could be a part of something like this after college. For now, I try to read news online, go to talks on campus, and keep in touch with my high school network to see what events are going on. But once I know something about an issue, I start wanting to actually do something about it.
http://www.iwla.org
Wednesday, March 30, 2011
Thomas Cole's "Oxbow"
Today was a nice break from our normal routine. Discussing art can be as beneficial as discussing readings, or sometimes more. As part of the Hudson River School of Painting, Thomas Cole painted "Oxbow" to capture a natural scene and present a lot of dichotomies.
On the left hand side there is the chaotic and ominous wilderness. There are fallen and cracking trees and a storm. It's hard to say if the storm is coming or passing, but the angles of the clouds and rain make it look like it's going to the left, and passing away.
The right side shows some fields and the curving oxbow portion of the river. The colors are brighter, more vivid and cheerful. It seems that people are in balance with nature because the river is left alone and the land is used for farming. Neither side is "right" or better in my view, though Cole may prefer the order and beauty of the cultivated land. On the bottom of the painting he shows himself painting the right side. This side definitely looks more warm and comforting, but the dark woods are mysterious and captivating.
As to what these two sides may represent, I'm not sure. The dark could be industrialization or the unknowns of the untamed frontier. The light may be progress, industrialization, community, or stability. If God were to be in the painting, He would be the clouds. I see God as really dynamic, awesome, and powerful. He can be merciful or destructive, peaceful or turbulent. Just like clouds, God can take many different forms and have different effects.
On the left hand side there is the chaotic and ominous wilderness. There are fallen and cracking trees and a storm. It's hard to say if the storm is coming or passing, but the angles of the clouds and rain make it look like it's going to the left, and passing away.
The right side shows some fields and the curving oxbow portion of the river. The colors are brighter, more vivid and cheerful. It seems that people are in balance with nature because the river is left alone and the land is used for farming. Neither side is "right" or better in my view, though Cole may prefer the order and beauty of the cultivated land. On the bottom of the painting he shows himself painting the right side. This side definitely looks more warm and comforting, but the dark woods are mysterious and captivating.
As to what these two sides may represent, I'm not sure. The dark could be industrialization or the unknowns of the untamed frontier. The light may be progress, industrialization, community, or stability. If God were to be in the painting, He would be the clouds. I see God as really dynamic, awesome, and powerful. He can be merciful or destructive, peaceful or turbulent. Just like clouds, God can take many different forms and have different effects.
Monday, March 28, 2011
Revisiting Walt Whitman
Rereading Whitman was a different read than the first time I went through it. First I was trying to get the main points of his writing and had to generalize his arguments. But the second time was more enjoyable because I was already a little familiar with it and could just enjoy how he writes. He has a lot to say, and the content can be overwhelming. I like his style even better than what he has to say. Here's a quotation from his work that I find interesting:
"The problem of humanity...is to be finally met and treated by literature" (760).
I'm not sure what the problem of humanity is or what I can do about it. I'm guessing it's a sort of feeling of incompleteness. We often want to learn more, do more, and be more than we currently are. Literature is a way for us to express ourselves and go about solving problems.
"The problem of humanity...is to be finally met and treated by literature" (760).
I'm not sure what the problem of humanity is or what I can do about it. I'm guessing it's a sort of feeling of incompleteness. We often want to learn more, do more, and be more than we currently are. Literature is a way for us to express ourselves and go about solving problems.
Wednesday, March 16, 2011
Organizing
At the end of class today we talked about the difficulties of organizing. Like Petra, I am optimistic that we can do what we set out to do as long as we work at it. One way to organize is to use the technology we have. For Example, a Google marketing executive named Wael Ghonib helped organize the protests in Egypt that resulted in the revolution. Just because we have more advanced technology doesn't mean we are less connected with one another. We just have to remember to use technology as a tool in networking, and that the networks and relationships are what really matters.
Here's an article about Ghonib:
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-12400128
Here's an article about Ghonib:
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-12400128
Monday, March 14, 2011
Group Paper
Here's what my group has so far, some main points we will expand upon and work on individually. Here are some of our claims and questions about Putnam's argument:
1. We need social capital to thrive as a community. Trust and responsibility help foster voluntary associations and active civic engagement. While Putnam supplies a lot of evidence, he needs more analysis and some examples are less relevant now.
2. While there may be a decrease in overall social capital, it is more of a shift. Our time and energy is just spent in different areas than it was before.
3. Will anyone move forward with effective solutions to this decrease in social capital? How can we foster community?
4. Are people aware of this issue? Why or why not? How can people better understand social capital?
So far so good. Good luck with your group papers, everyone!
1. We need social capital to thrive as a community. Trust and responsibility help foster voluntary associations and active civic engagement. While Putnam supplies a lot of evidence, he needs more analysis and some examples are less relevant now.
2. While there may be a decrease in overall social capital, it is more of a shift. Our time and energy is just spent in different areas than it was before.
3. Will anyone move forward with effective solutions to this decrease in social capital? How can we foster community?
4. Are people aware of this issue? Why or why not? How can people better understand social capital?
So far so good. Good luck with your group papers, everyone!
Friday, March 11, 2011
Multitasking!
I am a terrible multi-tasker, yet I still do it. Why do we focus our attention to multiple things at a time and how does that affect our productivity and social capital? There are pros and cons to multitasking, and I think that there are situations where it really helps me get things done. Thanks to the Oxford Learning Blog for breaking down some of these ideas:
http://www.oxfordlearning.com/letstalk/2008/07/25/multitask-or-not/
Multitasking can really help us in college as well as in life in general. It's easy to switch your focus from one easy, simple task to another, like cleaning your dorm room to finding upbeat, motivating music to listen to. Practicing this can help us cope when life is crazy busy and there are a lot of interruptions and distractions from what we really want to focus on. Technology can really help us be more efficient and resourceful, but only if we limit Facebook and YouTube time per day. Since it's not Interim anymore, we have to juggle several classes at once and work on getting everything done without the luxury of spending every day on one class.
Of course there are the dreaded pitfalls our parents warn us about. It's hard to switch focus between more complex tasks like studying for chemistry and writing a research paper. Too many distractions can be frustrating and nothing gets done. As much as I'd love to watch Dr. Who with my friend next door, it's just not going to happen if I have to study lots of Sanskrit words for my theology test. Often times my multitasking is really just procrastination since it looks like I'm getting a lot done, when in reality I'm just shifting my focus a lot.
Multitasking or not, social capital can be developed in many different ways. At dinner it's great to get a break and not think about homework. But I also enjoy doing homework with my friends because it's motivating and I can get help when I need it. I guess it's always safe to have everything in moderation, even moderation.
http://www.oxfordlearning.com/letstalk/2008/07/25/multitask-or-not/
Multitasking can really help us in college as well as in life in general. It's easy to switch your focus from one easy, simple task to another, like cleaning your dorm room to finding upbeat, motivating music to listen to. Practicing this can help us cope when life is crazy busy and there are a lot of interruptions and distractions from what we really want to focus on. Technology can really help us be more efficient and resourceful, but only if we limit Facebook and YouTube time per day. Since it's not Interim anymore, we have to juggle several classes at once and work on getting everything done without the luxury of spending every day on one class.
Of course there are the dreaded pitfalls our parents warn us about. It's hard to switch focus between more complex tasks like studying for chemistry and writing a research paper. Too many distractions can be frustrating and nothing gets done. As much as I'd love to watch Dr. Who with my friend next door, it's just not going to happen if I have to study lots of Sanskrit words for my theology test. Often times my multitasking is really just procrastination since it looks like I'm getting a lot done, when in reality I'm just shifting my focus a lot.
Multitasking or not, social capital can be developed in many different ways. At dinner it's great to get a break and not think about homework. But I also enjoy doing homework with my friends because it's motivating and I can get help when I need it. I guess it's always safe to have everything in moderation, even moderation.
Wednesday, March 9, 2011
Equality on Campus
In class today Paige and Dan brought up a really interesting idea of equality on campus. There are differences among us in terms of income, where we're from, what kind of school we went to, and so on. I love that here we try to see each other as equals, no better or lesser than anyone else on campus.
But this can create problems if we expect everyone to live up to this equality. We are equal in that we treat each other fairly, but we are by no means the same. Paige mentioned the economic inequalities that can be uncomfortable for the student who can't afford study abroad compared to the student who's parents can write a check and be done with it.
A similar discomfort is academic inequality. When we were accepted to St Olaf, we were told to be proud of our accomplishments, that we must be smart to get in to such a great college. And we are smart. Only, academic success in high school is only one factor that the admissions staff looks at. We're not all straight-A students and even though we all have a huge capacity to learn, try new things, and develop skills, some people will always be better than others in certain areas.
We have to be careful not to assume that because we're all treated as equals, that our skills/background/abilities are equal too.
But this can create problems if we expect everyone to live up to this equality. We are equal in that we treat each other fairly, but we are by no means the same. Paige mentioned the economic inequalities that can be uncomfortable for the student who can't afford study abroad compared to the student who's parents can write a check and be done with it.
A similar discomfort is academic inequality. When we were accepted to St Olaf, we were told to be proud of our accomplishments, that we must be smart to get in to such a great college. And we are smart. Only, academic success in high school is only one factor that the admissions staff looks at. We're not all straight-A students and even though we all have a huge capacity to learn, try new things, and develop skills, some people will always be better than others in certain areas.
We have to be careful not to assume that because we're all treated as equals, that our skills/background/abilities are equal too.
Monday, March 7, 2011
Sarah Palin
Our class discussion today felt really natural and lots of people got to chime in, which was great. On the topic of voting, I agree with those who said that some voters don't care about experience or wisdom and make their decisions based on who is most like them.
Like Jake, I want the smartest, most prepared people to be elected as public officials. If I need to have surgery I want an experienced doctor and if my car breaks down I look for the best-rated mechanic to fix it. I can see how some may see incredible smart, experienced and polished people as elite and out-of-touch with middle-class America. Still, I would rather have someone who is confident in their experience and ability to govern. This is why I could not vote for someone like Sarah Palin. Here is an excerpt from her about President Obama's ability to govern:
"See because our president is so inexperienced in the private sector and in government and in actually running anything and making any kind of budget that inexperience has really made manifest in some of the statements he makes."
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/03/05/sarah-palin-obama-inexperienced_n_831879.html
Then again, Palin didn't make the best decisions about governing her town as mayor.
While humble beginnings and upward mobility may be admirable, they can't reach the respect I have for knowledgeable people who always want to listen to others and learn about how to best govern.
Like Jake, I want the smartest, most prepared people to be elected as public officials. If I need to have surgery I want an experienced doctor and if my car breaks down I look for the best-rated mechanic to fix it. I can see how some may see incredible smart, experienced and polished people as elite and out-of-touch with middle-class America. Still, I would rather have someone who is confident in their experience and ability to govern. This is why I could not vote for someone like Sarah Palin. Here is an excerpt from her about President Obama's ability to govern:
"See because our president is so inexperienced in the private sector and in government and in actually running anything and making any kind of budget that inexperience has really made manifest in some of the statements he makes."
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/03/05/sarah-palin-obama-inexperienced_n_831879.html
Then again, Palin didn't make the best decisions about governing her town as mayor.
While humble beginnings and upward mobility may be admirable, they can't reach the respect I have for knowledgeable people who always want to listen to others and learn about how to best govern.
Friday, March 4, 2011
Independence, Association, and Patriotism
In the paper we're writing for Monday, we're asked to show what de Tocqueville says about democracy. That is a really difficult question to answer because he just has so much to say about it. His observations and critiques are overwhelming because of the depth he goes into. I'm going to write my paper about his views about independence, association, and patriotism.
Independence has immense benefits and drawbacks. Being an independent person may mean you take care of yourself and don't rely on the aid of others (189). You're the best judge of your own interest (82). But this can also make you weak because you don't take full advantage of the help that's out there (672). You may become isolated in your familiar and comfortable family and friends network, not engaging with others outside of it (697). Then again, just because you're individualistic doesn't mean you don't care about others (526).
Association means voluntarily deciding to relate to, work with, and learn from others. While the nation and the government may have huge, complex problems needing to be solved, civil associations can help in breaking them up into smaller, more manageable issues (523). There are also religious associations that focus on the common good, sometimes to the point where pantheism emerges and everyone is seem as the same (451). The common good is also reflected in the laws, which often affect the nation as a whole (232).
Patriotism and having a public spirit are really important for de Tocqueville, but he has reservations about its scope. In the first section we read about many positive aspects of America and democracy. The second section was much more critical and analytical. While there is much to be proud of, we shouldn't be blindly patriotic to the point of dismissing our nation's faults. He suggests cultivating our instinctive patriotism by being critical of America (235). If we love our country then we will not settle for mediocrity.
Independence has immense benefits and drawbacks. Being an independent person may mean you take care of yourself and don't rely on the aid of others (189). You're the best judge of your own interest (82). But this can also make you weak because you don't take full advantage of the help that's out there (672). You may become isolated in your familiar and comfortable family and friends network, not engaging with others outside of it (697). Then again, just because you're individualistic doesn't mean you don't care about others (526).
Association means voluntarily deciding to relate to, work with, and learn from others. While the nation and the government may have huge, complex problems needing to be solved, civil associations can help in breaking them up into smaller, more manageable issues (523). There are also religious associations that focus on the common good, sometimes to the point where pantheism emerges and everyone is seem as the same (451). The common good is also reflected in the laws, which often affect the nation as a whole (232).
Patriotism and having a public spirit are really important for de Tocqueville, but he has reservations about its scope. In the first section we read about many positive aspects of America and democracy. The second section was much more critical and analytical. While there is much to be proud of, we shouldn't be blindly patriotic to the point of dismissing our nation's faults. He suggests cultivating our instinctive patriotism by being critical of America (235). If we love our country then we will not settle for mediocrity.
Wednesday, March 2, 2011
Democracy and Other Nations
In chapter 9 De Tocqueville talks about the different kinds of options for forms of governments. Comparing a democracy and an authoritarian government, he asks,
"...should we not rather steer toward the former than voluntarily submit to the latter? ... Is it not better to let ourselves be leveled down by freedom rather than by a despot?" (315).
This makes sense for the United States because we have a democratic system, but it may not work for every nation. For example, would this apply to Egypt? Their government is so different from ours that our system of government may not even apply, as much as we may like others to imitate us.
"...should we not rather steer toward the former than voluntarily submit to the latter? ... Is it not better to let ourselves be leveled down by freedom rather than by a despot?" (315).
This makes sense for the United States because we have a democratic system, but it may not work for every nation. For example, would this apply to Egypt? Their government is so different from ours that our system of government may not even apply, as much as we may like others to imitate us.
Monday, February 28, 2011
The Big Picture
At the end of class today we came up with some main points in de Tocqueville's book. I'm glad we did, because I tend to get lost in all of the detail. I've been working on reading a few pages or a section, then summarizing the ideas in my own words in my notebook. Works for me, and here's what I have so far:
Universal sovereignty is important because it determines who has power and influence and who doesn't. It means that the majority is made up of average people instead of bureaucrats and the elite.
The United States is incredibly civil in that protesting and discussing issues is much more common than fighting or going to extreme measures to get one's point across.
Every individual knows what is best for them, and a democracy is a way to get one's voice heard so government can help them take care of themselves.
Democracy goes beyond a system of government; it is one's engagement in the community, a sense of freedom and independence for both individuals and society at large.
These are just broad statements, but it helps to generalize at first to get my head around these ideas.
Universal sovereignty is important because it determines who has power and influence and who doesn't. It means that the majority is made up of average people instead of bureaucrats and the elite.
The United States is incredibly civil in that protesting and discussing issues is much more common than fighting or going to extreme measures to get one's point across.
Every individual knows what is best for them, and a democracy is a way to get one's voice heard so government can help them take care of themselves.
Democracy goes beyond a system of government; it is one's engagement in the community, a sense of freedom and independence for both individuals and society at large.
These are just broad statements, but it helps to generalize at first to get my head around these ideas.
Saturday, February 26, 2011
Voluntary Association at the Northfield Middle School
In class we brought up many different kinds of voluntary associations, from Boy Scouts to the Temperance Movement. We are all a part of voluntary associations, though each work a little bit differently. For example, I work at Northfield Middle School and we have a set system for how we work.
Two Ole alumni, Claire and Jen, are in charge. All of us tutors get directions, assistance, and information from them and use it to help tutor and manage the students. We are always making sure everyone's getting along and doing what they're supposed to be doing. The students, then, have an hour to study and ah hour to just hang out and participate in any of the day's planned activities like baking, sports, or crafts.
As much as we would love for the Middle School Youth Center to be a democracy, that just isn't a possibility. Although some middle schoolers are pretty mature and always kind to everyone, they haven't all gotten there yet. Then again, part of being a young teenager is to enjoy being young, to obsess about Justin Beiber, and to figure out who you are. We have to have rules, but more importantly we have to enforce them even if it makes us look "mean" or "crabby" to the students. What we can do is to make everyone feel safe, accepted, and understood. Listening to students excitements, stresses, and hopes is so amazing because it means they trust me even though I am an authority figure.
Sometimes democracy sounds good on paper but can't be applied to every aspect of life, but that's OK. Our government is our way to create "the change we want to see in the world".
Wednesday, February 23, 2011
Freud and Tocqueville
So since I've just started taking Psych I am starting to connect different ideas from class to my other classes. In "Democracy in America" Tocqueville talks about the importance of origins for both people and nations. He says to, "...observe the earliest conflicts [one] endures; only then will you understand the source of the prejudices, habits, and passions that will come to rule his life" (43). Our past and circumstances will, "...contribute to [our] development, influenc[ing] everything for the rest of [our] lives" (43).
Sigmund Freud would agree. As a medical doctor, he studied how people's physical problems could have psychological origins. They could be solved through insight and talking them through. You could detect parts of someone's unconscious mind by observing unconscious determinants like dreams and "slips of the tongue". Freud saw childhood experiences as crucial to understanding how one thinks, perceives, feels, and behaves as an adult. While Freud's methods were not that scientific and has some biases, his work helped to advance psychology.
I'm loving psych, especially since I can actually apply what I'm learning to lots of different things.
Sigmund Freud would agree. As a medical doctor, he studied how people's physical problems could have psychological origins. They could be solved through insight and talking them through. You could detect parts of someone's unconscious mind by observing unconscious determinants like dreams and "slips of the tongue". Freud saw childhood experiences as crucial to understanding how one thinks, perceives, feels, and behaves as an adult. While Freud's methods were not that scientific and has some biases, his work helped to advance psychology.
I'm loving psych, especially since I can actually apply what I'm learning to lots of different things.
Monday, February 21, 2011
"How to Write a Sentence", Defining Democracy, and Practice Writing Sentences
Since AmCon takes the place of a writing class, I knew we would be working on our writing skills quite a bit. Since I really like details and find it easier to understand them than big, overarching concepts, I found this article really helpful. There are many things I can do to improve my writing. Instead of just editing and rearranging at the end of a writing assignment, I can read it out loud. This forces me to slow down, hear how it sounds and if it flows right, and see if it makes sense. The article has two tips I will try to incorporate into my writing:
One tip is to, "...make sure that every component of your sentences is related to the other components in a way that is clear and unambiguous (unless ambiguity is what you are aiming at)" (Fish 20). Writing ambiguously is a real skill, since it requires you to understand the topic at a deep level and leave the reader to interpret the meaning of your reflections about that topic. For now I will stick to just writing clearly and making sure all of the pieces fit together, like pieces in a puzzle.
Another, similar tip is to go beyond the grammatical structure and clarity and look at the content and ideas. Ask questions like, "'What does it go with' or 'What does it support?' or 'What information does it give about some other part?'" (Fish 21). Too often I focus on the grammar and the "Does this sentence make sense?" aspects of writing. This is kind of putting the cart before the horse, since your ideas need to be thought-out and developed before you try to make them sound eloquent.
This whole year we've talked about democracy. A lot. It is still hard to define because even though we want to make a clean, manageable definition, there are always other ideas, contradictions, and exceptions that pop up. Here's my shot at trying to define democracy:
A democracy is a political system in which the people are represented, involved in decision-making, and free to act without fear of unjust consequences.
Then again there is the question of what is justice and what constitutes a just consequence, but that might be another blog post.
Lastly, here's my cheesy version of a sentence rewritten from Jim Cullen's "The American Dream". His sentence goes, "[Andrew Jackson's] 1829 inauguration, with its mob of cheese-eating, beer-drinking country bumpkins trampling the White House carpet, chilled the old order" (69). Here is my sentence:
"St. Olaf's spring semester, with its horde of Marshmallow Matey's-eating, tea-drinking college students crowding the Cage, brought new energy and students returning from study abroad."
One tip is to, "...make sure that every component of your sentences is related to the other components in a way that is clear and unambiguous (unless ambiguity is what you are aiming at)" (Fish 20). Writing ambiguously is a real skill, since it requires you to understand the topic at a deep level and leave the reader to interpret the meaning of your reflections about that topic. For now I will stick to just writing clearly and making sure all of the pieces fit together, like pieces in a puzzle.
Another, similar tip is to go beyond the grammatical structure and clarity and look at the content and ideas. Ask questions like, "'What does it go with' or 'What does it support?' or 'What information does it give about some other part?'" (Fish 21). Too often I focus on the grammar and the "Does this sentence make sense?" aspects of writing. This is kind of putting the cart before the horse, since your ideas need to be thought-out and developed before you try to make them sound eloquent.
This whole year we've talked about democracy. A lot. It is still hard to define because even though we want to make a clean, manageable definition, there are always other ideas, contradictions, and exceptions that pop up. Here's my shot at trying to define democracy:
A democracy is a political system in which the people are represented, involved in decision-making, and free to act without fear of unjust consequences.
Then again there is the question of what is justice and what constitutes a just consequence, but that might be another blog post.
Lastly, here's my cheesy version of a sentence rewritten from Jim Cullen's "The American Dream". His sentence goes, "[Andrew Jackson's] 1829 inauguration, with its mob of cheese-eating, beer-drinking country bumpkins trampling the White House carpet, chilled the old order" (69). Here is my sentence:
"St. Olaf's spring semester, with its horde of Marshmallow Matey's-eating, tea-drinking college students crowding the Cage, brought new energy and students returning from study abroad."
Saturday, February 19, 2011
Different Kinds of Pietism
After reading McLoughlin's article "Pietism and the American Character", I realized how there are different kinds of pietism. There is the mystic or personal pietism and the activist form.
The personal pietism is all about having moral values and beliefs that you hold to me true. This moral compass or code directs how you live your life, if you choose to have your actions match your values. I really admire this form of pietism because it makes you always conscious of your thoughts, beliefs, and actions. It makes you check yourself to make sure you're doing the right thing. People with this personal drive for living well often try to improve themselves and find ways to be better, kinder, more patient, etc.
The other form can be more aggressive in an activist context. This is when you take your beliefs to the street, the newspaper, or to your neighbor. In the extreme, this could mean forcing your beliefs on other people. While real change has come about in the country (Civil Rights movement, Women's Rights Movement, Gay Rights Movement, Environmental Movement, etc) through this kind of activism, we don't get anywhere if we refuse to listen to the other side(s) of the issue.
I've seen this outward display of beliefs recently in politics. While one may have a strong faith in Jesus Christ and believe in God's love, I don't see how it is necessary to use that as a tool to winning elections or getting support. If your actions truly reflect your values, people should know what you stand for and believe without you having to tell them.
The personal pietism is all about having moral values and beliefs that you hold to me true. This moral compass or code directs how you live your life, if you choose to have your actions match your values. I really admire this form of pietism because it makes you always conscious of your thoughts, beliefs, and actions. It makes you check yourself to make sure you're doing the right thing. People with this personal drive for living well often try to improve themselves and find ways to be better, kinder, more patient, etc.
The other form can be more aggressive in an activist context. This is when you take your beliefs to the street, the newspaper, or to your neighbor. In the extreme, this could mean forcing your beliefs on other people. While real change has come about in the country (Civil Rights movement, Women's Rights Movement, Gay Rights Movement, Environmental Movement, etc) through this kind of activism, we don't get anywhere if we refuse to listen to the other side(s) of the issue.
I've seen this outward display of beliefs recently in politics. While one may have a strong faith in Jesus Christ and believe in God's love, I don't see how it is necessary to use that as a tool to winning elections or getting support. If your actions truly reflect your values, people should know what you stand for and believe without you having to tell them.
Wednesday, February 16, 2011
A City on a Hill
It was difficult to summarize Nathan O. Hatch's article to a statement using 25 or fewer words. My partner and I came up with this:
Religious grass movements during the American Revolution heavily influenced American politics and became more important than the political world, largely because of enthusiastic young leaders.
After sharing our summaries, someone brought up the idea of a community being a "city on a hill". The Puritan man named John Winthrop wrote about this idea in 1630 in his sermon called "A Model of Christian Charity". This image is originally from the Bible, when Matthew tells his listeners, "You are the light of the world. A city that is set on a hill cannot be hidden" (Mathew 5:14).
This image can be seen in several different ways. In the most concrete way, a city on an actual hill can become an important gathering space and landmark. People will be watching from below, so those on the hill should behave well as to look good and represent their community well. These people could also feel self-righteous since they get to live on a hill and those below do not. Winthrop encouraged the Massachusetts Bay colonists to be a good example and to be proud of their unique and honorable position to do God's work and live a pious life. I just love this image. It also reminds me of how differently people can respond to an image of a palace. It can be seen as a beautiful fortress, an architectural wonder, a symbol for corruption, a source of pride, motivation for hard work, etc.
Religious grass movements during the American Revolution heavily influenced American politics and became more important than the political world, largely because of enthusiastic young leaders.
After sharing our summaries, someone brought up the idea of a community being a "city on a hill". The Puritan man named John Winthrop wrote about this idea in 1630 in his sermon called "A Model of Christian Charity". This image is originally from the Bible, when Matthew tells his listeners, "You are the light of the world. A city that is set on a hill cannot be hidden" (Mathew 5:14).
This image can be seen in several different ways. In the most concrete way, a city on an actual hill can become an important gathering space and landmark. People will be watching from below, so those on the hill should behave well as to look good and represent their community well. These people could also feel self-righteous since they get to live on a hill and those below do not. Winthrop encouraged the Massachusetts Bay colonists to be a good example and to be proud of their unique and honorable position to do God's work and live a pious life. I just love this image. It also reminds me of how differently people can respond to an image of a palace. It can be seen as a beautiful fortress, an architectural wonder, a symbol for corruption, a source of pride, motivation for hard work, etc.
Monday, February 14, 2011
Attitude and Apocalypse
Today was really interesting because we got to hear from one of the actual authors of one of our readings. Amy Johnson Frykholm talked about postmillennialist and premillennialist viewpoints in regards to the apocalypse.
A postmillennialist is more optimistic because they believe in working for things like peace, love and justice. Christ will come and meet us, deciding who is worthy of salvation and who is not. There is hope in this view because there is a possibility to change oneself, the world, and maybe even God's mind about your salvation. For example, Marissa mentioned the environment and how we have the potential to make really great choices and change how we interact with and treat our environment.
A premillennialist is more pessimistic because they believe that the world is getting worse and worse. God will eventually save the good and condemn or punish the bad. Therefore the only thing to do is to accept that the world will not get much better, and that true goodness and salvation can only be found through Jesus' coming to save the people from suffering. By assuming that things won't get worse, it is unlikely that people would even try to make a positive difference in the world.
These are two polarized views about the end of the world and the coming of Jesus Christ to save the faithful people. In a larger context, these are two very different attitudes, beliefs, worldviews, etc. While nobody is entirely optimistic or pessimistic, individually we tend to fall on one side of the spectrum or the other. I agree with Marissa completely about the environment. I think we can truly "be the change we want to see in the world", in any context. If we decide that the world is getting worse and worse and there is nothing we can do about it, then we probably won't.
But if we recognize specific problems, why they are detrimental, and how we can change them, then we will feel more empowered to actually do something about it. This semester especially I am really working on being more optimistic. When I wake up on a cold Monday morning after lack of sleep and forget to have breakfast, I could assume that the day ahead will be awful, merely because of my situation. That isn't true at all. Today was probably the first morning this year where I was deliberately aware of how tired and somewhat stressed I was. Then I made a conscious choice to enjoy the day. When I choose to be happy, I can help others to too, and make the most of their day. I really appreciate the postmillennialist view because it empowers people to be hopeful, proactive, and happy.
A postmillennialist is more optimistic because they believe in working for things like peace, love and justice. Christ will come and meet us, deciding who is worthy of salvation and who is not. There is hope in this view because there is a possibility to change oneself, the world, and maybe even God's mind about your salvation. For example, Marissa mentioned the environment and how we have the potential to make really great choices and change how we interact with and treat our environment.
A premillennialist is more pessimistic because they believe that the world is getting worse and worse. God will eventually save the good and condemn or punish the bad. Therefore the only thing to do is to accept that the world will not get much better, and that true goodness and salvation can only be found through Jesus' coming to save the people from suffering. By assuming that things won't get worse, it is unlikely that people would even try to make a positive difference in the world.
These are two polarized views about the end of the world and the coming of Jesus Christ to save the faithful people. In a larger context, these are two very different attitudes, beliefs, worldviews, etc. While nobody is entirely optimistic or pessimistic, individually we tend to fall on one side of the spectrum or the other. I agree with Marissa completely about the environment. I think we can truly "be the change we want to see in the world", in any context. If we decide that the world is getting worse and worse and there is nothing we can do about it, then we probably won't.
But if we recognize specific problems, why they are detrimental, and how we can change them, then we will feel more empowered to actually do something about it. This semester especially I am really working on being more optimistic. When I wake up on a cold Monday morning after lack of sleep and forget to have breakfast, I could assume that the day ahead will be awful, merely because of my situation. That isn't true at all. Today was probably the first morning this year where I was deliberately aware of how tired and somewhat stressed I was. Then I made a conscious choice to enjoy the day. When I choose to be happy, I can help others to too, and make the most of their day. I really appreciate the postmillennialist view because it empowers people to be hopeful, proactive, and happy.
Friday, February 11, 2011
Informal Religion
Growing up I always thought that church meant the building I went to for an hour and a half every Sunday and sometimes during the week for special events. As I got older I realized that though the physical structure is necessary for safety, comfort, and organization, it is not necessary for people to have a "church". Now I believe that a church is its people.
During the beginning of the Second Great Awakening, religion was proclaimed, spread, and talked about on a person to person basis. Evangelical leaders like Charles Finney went from community to community, sharing what they knew and believed about God and how people should act. There was a lack of physical structure and heirarchy. This personal approach made people really get into these revivals and the religious movement as a whole. It was about one's personal relationship with God, not the relationship with the preacher or the church. I really admire this awakening and I still see its effects today.
During the beginning of the Second Great Awakening, religion was proclaimed, spread, and talked about on a person to person basis. Evangelical leaders like Charles Finney went from community to community, sharing what they knew and believed about God and how people should act. There was a lack of physical structure and heirarchy. This personal approach made people really get into these revivals and the religious movement as a whole. It was about one's personal relationship with God, not the relationship with the preacher or the church. I really admire this awakening and I still see its effects today.
Tuesday, February 8, 2011
Democracy
Democracy is the way the United States is run. In our government's political system, power comes from the people. We use consensus by voting and acting on the majority opinion in the end. We elect officials to represent us, our views, our ideas, and our hopes. In a democracy, all citizens are seen as equal under the law and one is assumed to be innocent until they can be proven guilty by others. Freedom and equality are fundamental aspects of democracy.
Living in a democracy gives us more power than we would have living under an authoritarian or dictatorship government. We get to elect people to represent us. One can get involved in the political process by voting, volunteering or working for candidates, and getting informed about the current issues the people will deal with. The freedoms of speech, press, and religion allow us to make our own decisions. We know that we are free to think and act as we like, and we also know the consequences of denying other people's right to these things.
Having a democracy makes us feel free and entitled to that freedom. We have some say in how our government should work, since we elect representatives and we can vote in elections. Being American makes us automatically represent our country wherever we go, so the ideals of democracy are constantly with us, even if we do not agree with how the current leadership is working.
The best aspect of democracy is the freedom of speech. Ideas, dreams, emotions, and facts are all expressed through words and actions. Having access to information can make Americans knowledgeable and curious about the world. Freedom of speech supports a healthy economy and government too, where people can find the best sources and information to make the best possible decisions.
Democracy's worst aspect is how people start to think that it is the only way to go. We sometimes feel entitled to our way of life. We like to think that everyone loves democracy, when in reality many countries do not live like us. It is wrong to force our beliefs on anyone else, or assume that we are better than others. After Iraq's elections the United States government was unsatisfied with the people's choice in a new leader. Many Americans think Haiti should build a new democracy in their process of rebuilding. Even now in Tunisia and Egypt where there are huge protests against the current leadership, a true democracy may not be the best solution. Democracy works for us, but it does not work for everyone.
We do democracy by trying to be fair in our daily lives. When decisions are being made, people often vote on what they think should be done. We try to expect the best in someone and demand evidence and facts to back up suspicions of bad behavior or intentions. Independence makes us strong individuals because we are taught to take care of ourselves, work hard, and be self-sufficient.
Living in a democracy gives us more power than we would have living under an authoritarian or dictatorship government. We get to elect people to represent us. One can get involved in the political process by voting, volunteering or working for candidates, and getting informed about the current issues the people will deal with. The freedoms of speech, press, and religion allow us to make our own decisions. We know that we are free to think and act as we like, and we also know the consequences of denying other people's right to these things.
Having a democracy makes us feel free and entitled to that freedom. We have some say in how our government should work, since we elect representatives and we can vote in elections. Being American makes us automatically represent our country wherever we go, so the ideals of democracy are constantly with us, even if we do not agree with how the current leadership is working.
The best aspect of democracy is the freedom of speech. Ideas, dreams, emotions, and facts are all expressed through words and actions. Having access to information can make Americans knowledgeable and curious about the world. Freedom of speech supports a healthy economy and government too, where people can find the best sources and information to make the best possible decisions.
Democracy's worst aspect is how people start to think that it is the only way to go. We sometimes feel entitled to our way of life. We like to think that everyone loves democracy, when in reality many countries do not live like us. It is wrong to force our beliefs on anyone else, or assume that we are better than others. After Iraq's elections the United States government was unsatisfied with the people's choice in a new leader. Many Americans think Haiti should build a new democracy in their process of rebuilding. Even now in Tunisia and Egypt where there are huge protests against the current leadership, a true democracy may not be the best solution. Democracy works for us, but it does not work for everyone.
We do democracy by trying to be fair in our daily lives. When decisions are being made, people often vote on what they think should be done. We try to expect the best in someone and demand evidence and facts to back up suspicions of bad behavior or intentions. Independence makes us strong individuals because we are taught to take care of ourselves, work hard, and be self-sufficient.
Round Two
And we're back! It feels weird being back on campus with a semester schedule, after a long break and Interim. I'm glad to be back. Now that I have a handle on how college works, have great new friends, and have fun activities, I'm ready to focus more on school and finding out how I learn best.
Some of my goals for AmCon are to:
- read every night, even if I only have time to skim then reread later
- take notes during class so I can follow our always-changing, sometimes hard to follow discussions
- speak up more in class, even though what I have to say may not be the most eloquent or in-depth understanding of the texts and ideas
- actually remember to blog. every day. :)
They may sound a bit like New Years Resolutions, but I figure now is a good time to step back and decide how I want this semester to go. Good luck everyone, and enjoy your classes!
Karin
Some of my goals for AmCon are to:
- read every night, even if I only have time to skim then reread later
- take notes during class so I can follow our always-changing, sometimes hard to follow discussions
- speak up more in class, even though what I have to say may not be the most eloquent or in-depth understanding of the texts and ideas
- actually remember to blog. every day. :)
They may sound a bit like New Years Resolutions, but I figure now is a good time to step back and decide how I want this semester to go. Good luck everyone, and enjoy your classes!
Karin
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